Below figures shows three basic ways the limiting action of a zener diode can be used.
Ac voltage limiter.
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If surges occur for a longer period of time milliseconds to hours due to faults in the system or for operational reasons the thyristors fire to limit touch voltages.
Zener diodes can be used in ac applications to limit voltage swings to desired levels.
A voltage regulator is a system designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.
A voltage controller also called an ac voltage controller or ac regulator is an electronic module based on either thyristors triacs scrs or igbts which converts a fixed voltage fixed frequency alternating current ac electrical input supply to obtain variable voltage in output delivered to a resistive load this varied voltage output is used for dimming street lights varying heating.
In general all ac voltage sources vary from fluctuation in ac voltage over power distribution systems.
During the negative alternation the zener acts as a forward biased diode and limits the negative voltage to 0 7 v.
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A voltage regulator may use a simple feed forward design or may include negative feedback.
Depending on the design it may be used to regulate one or more ac or dc voltages.
When different from an expected measurement voltage is more likely to be lower than normal.
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Generally speaking voltage measured in ac power systems should be within 10 and 5.
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Voltage limiting device for dc traction systems transient surges caused by lightning and switching operations in the system are limited by the mo arrester.
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